The Non-Lucrative Visa allows non-EU nationals to reside in Spain for 1 year (renewable for 2-year periods) without engaging in professional activity in Spain. Requirements include proof of sufficient financial means (€32,899/year for the applicant, plus additional for family members), private health insurance, and a clean criminal record. You cannot work in Spain under this visa, but you can work remotely for non-Spanish employers (though this is a gray area). After 5 years of continuous residency, you can apply for permanent residency.